Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models in People Living with HIV in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) prediction scores are powerful tools for individualized assessment that inform decision-making about follow-up frequency, hypolipemiant treatment intensification, and choice antiretroviral therapy. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the performance of multiple cardiovascular assessment scores in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 5 and 10 years. Framingham (2004, 2008, and Colombia-adjusted), SCORE, PROCAM, ASCVD, and D:A:D scores were included in the analysis. METHODS: Data were obtained from a medical registry of adults living with HIV attended by a teaching hospital in Colombia. All patients with complete information necessary for risk score calculations and determination of MACE at 5 and 10 years were included in the study. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were generated using calculations with all the aforementioned models for every individual. Differences between curves were compared with De- Long's test. RESULTS: A total of 808 patients were included in the analysis. Mean age was 35 years, and 12% were female. The majority of subjects had low and very low CVR. Eight MACE occurred during follow-up. Area under ROC curves were: Framingham (0.90), Framingham ATP3 (0.92), Framingham calibrated for Colombia (0.90), SCORE (0.92), PROCAM (0.92), ASCVD (0.89), and D:A:D (0.92), with no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated scores had an acceptable performance for HIV-infected patients in the studied cohort, especially for those in low and very low risk categories.

Inhibidores de Transferencia de la Cadena de Integrasa: Bases para su uso en la práctica clínica / Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors: Bases for its use in the clinical practice

Los inhibidores de transferencia de la cadena de integrasa (INSTI) son medicamentos cuyo mecanismo de acción consiste en bloquear el proceso de integración del ADN proviral al ADN del hospedero mediante la unión al sitio catalítico de la integrasa viral y de esta manera evitar su replicación. Actualmente se cuenta con la aprobación INSTI de primera y segunda generación, presentan similitud en su mecanismo de acción, cambios en su estructura que modifican su barrera genética, pero mantienen su perfil de seguridad y efectividad. Desde su aprobación en el año 2007, se han llevado a cabo múltiples estudios clínicos cuyos resultados han permitido avanzar en el conocimiento de su efectividad en diferentes escenarios clínicos; (pacientes naive, experimentados, esquemas de simplificación y profilaxis, así, como en el conocimiento de su perfil de mutaciones de resistencia). En el presente artículo se hizo una revisión de los miembros de esta familia de antirretrovirales (ARV).

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) are drugs whose mechanism of action consists of blocking the integration process of the proviral DNA to the host DNA by binding to the catalytic site of the viral integration and thus preventing its replication. Currently it has the approval of INSTI of first generation, two of second generation and in process of approval of a third of second generation. The two generations has similitude in its mechanisms of action, changes in its structures that modify its genetic barrier, but keeping his security and effectiveness profile. Since the approval of INSTI´s in 2007 to date, multiple clinical studies have been carried out, whose results have allowed us to advance in the knowledge of their effectiveness in different clinical scenarios; (naive patients, experienced patients, simplification and prophylaxis schemes, as well as in the knowledge of their profile of resistance mutations). In the present article, we made a review of the members of this family of antiretrovirals (ARV).

Menopausia, una endocrinología / Menopause, an endocrinology

La menopausia es una endocrinopatía tratable con estrogenoterapia. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de muerte en mujeres postmenopáusicas. La osteoporosis no es una enfermedad es un trastorno metabólico multifactorial. Recientes estudios indican que los Estados Unidos la osteoporosis afecta a más de 25 millones de personas. Predispone a 1.3 millones de fracturas en el año y tiene un costo adicional en el presupusto de Estados Unidos de 10 billones de dólares. La mayor longevidad triplicará la incidencia de fracturas durante los próximos 60 años. Un estudio reciente estima que habrá 4.5. millones de fracturas de cadera en el mundo, para el año 2050. La menopausia y sus consecuencias son un gran problema de salud pública